Syntactic Variation Verb clusters in varieties of Dutch Hans Bennis Meertens Institute (KNAW) / CLARIN-NL SDH 2010 Vienna, 19 October 2010.

Presentatie over: "Syntactic Variation Verb clusters in varieties of Dutch Hans Bennis Meertens Institute (KNAW) / CLARIN-NL SDH 2010 Vienna, 19 October 2010."— Transcript van de presentatie:

1 Syntactic Variation Verb clusters in varieties of Dutch Hans Bennis Meertens Institute (KNAW) / CLARIN-NL SDH 2010 Vienna, 19 October 2010

2 the problem analysis of verbal clusters in varieties of Dutch (3V) Jan weet dat hij voor 3 uur de wagen... a. moet hebben gemaakt(1-2-3) b. moet gemaakt hebben(1-3-2) c. hebben gemaakt moet(2-3-1) d. hebben moet gemaakt(2-1-3) e. gemaakt moet hebben(3-1-2) g. gemaakt hebben moet(3-2-1) John knows that he before 3 o’clock the car must have made... made have must 1 = finite modal/aux 2 = non-finite modal/aux (participle / infinitive) 3 = main verb (participle / infinitive)

3 DATA: SAND (2000-2009) 267 measuring points (158 in the Netherlands, 102 in Belgium, 7 in France) 2 Volumes with 244 maps (Amsterdam University Press) Dutch/English commentary books including discussion of: - linguistic themes / relevance - relevant literature - historical development - individual maps SAND-team: Sjef Barbiers, Johan van der Auwera, Hans Bennis, Leonie Cornips, Gunther De Vogelaer, Magda Devos, Kees Grijpink, Margreet van der Ham, Irene Haslinger, Jan Pieter Kunst, Annemie Neuckermans, Jeroen Van Craenenbroeck, Vicky Van den Heede, Guido Vanden Wyngaerd, Marjo van Koppen, Hedde Zeijlstra

4 SAND II (2009) Sjef Barbiers, Johan van der Auwera, Hans Bennis, Eefje Boef, Gunther De Vogelaer, Margreet van der Ham 89 maps Amsterdam University Press (AUP)

5 digital technology audiofiles database (incl. transcriptions) metadata, PoS-tagging (semi-automatic / ISOcat), syntactic annotation/parsing/tree-bank search engine geographic application website: dynaSAND: http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/sand/zoeken/ combination with other Dutch dialect databases (MAND / DIDDD) combination with European dialect syntax databases (Edisyn) part of CLARIN-infrastructure (open access)

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7 the problem analysis of verbal clusters in varieties of Dutch (3V) Jan weet dat hij voor 3 uur de wagen... a. moet hebben gemaakt(1-2-3) b. moet gemaakt hebben(1-3-2) c. hebben gemaakt moet(2-3-1) d. hebben moet gemaakt(2-1-3) e. gemaakt moet hebben(3-1-2) g. gemaakt hebben moet(3-2-1) John knows that he before 3 o’clock the car must have made... made have must 1 = finite modal/aux 2 = non-finite modal/aux (participle / infinitive) 3 = main verb (participle / infinitive)

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9 three-verb clusters 1MOD[fin]-2AUX[inf]-3V[part] Jan weet dat hij de wagen... a. moet hebben gemaakt(1-2-3) (n=91) b. moet gemaakt hebben(1-3-2)(n=163) c. hebben gemaakt moet(2-3-1)(n=0) d. hebben moet gemaakt(2-1-3)(n=0) e. gemaakt moet hebben(3-1-2)(n=186) g. gemaakt hebben moet(3-2-1)(n=48) John knows that he the car must have made... made have must

10 multi-dimensional scaling 321=blue, 132/312=pink, yellow, 123/312=green, orange

11 two-verb clusters (1)Ze weet niet dat Marie gisteren gestorven is / is gestorven She knows not that Mary yesterday died is (V2-V1) is died (V1-V2) (2)Ik vind dat jij het niet zien mag / mag zien I find (think) that you it not see may (V2-V1) may see (V1-V2)

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13 geography 2V clusters 1mod – 2inf north – 2-1 middle – 2-1 or 1-2 south –1-2 1aux – 2partnorth –2-1 middle – 2-1 or 1-2 south –2-1 hyp.anorth = 2-1 (cf. 3-2-1 in 3V-clusters) hyp.bsouth = 1-2 and participle is non-verbal: 2-1 [OV-structure of Dutch, cf. ziek is (‘ill is’), een aardige man is (a nice man is)]  3-1-2 in 3V-clusters

14 three-verb clusters in Flanders Jan weet dat hij voor 3 uur de wagen... a. moet hebben gemaakt(1-2-3) (n=7) b. moet gemaakt hebben(1-3-2)(n=102) c. hebben gemaakt moet(2-3-1)(n=0) d. hebben moet gemaakt(2-1-3)(n=0) e. gemaakt moet hebben(3-1-2)(n=53) g. gemaakt hebben moet(3-2-1)(n=0) John knows that he before 3 o’clock the car must have made... made have must

15 particle incorporation Jan had a. op P [willen bellen]= separation of op and bellen b. [willen op bellen] = incorporation of op in cluster John had up want up call (cf. call John up vs call up John) old discussion: is op a.part of verb that can be separated (separable compound verb)? [co-occurrence in cluster, meaning, spelling] b.separate particle that can be adjoined to verb (particle verb combination)? [separability (V2/VR), position wrt te- and ge-]

16 Flanders: incorporation (n=98) vs separation (n=2)

17 Verb Projection Raising (7)Eddy moet [kunnen vroeg opstaan] ADV low: n=54 Eddy must can early rise (8)Ik weet dat Jan [wil varkens kopen]DP/Noun [plu]: n=46 I know that John wants pigs buy (9)Ik weet dat Jan [moet een nieuwe schuur bouwen] DP [indef]: n=27 I know that John must a new barn build (10)Ik zei dat Willy [moest de auto verkopen]DP [def]: n=15 I said that Willy must the car sell (11)Ik vind dat Marie [moet naar Jef bellen]PP: n=26 I think that Mary must to Jeff call (12)Ik weet dat Hans [mag niet komen]Neg: n=0 I know that Hans may not come

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19 generalized cluster interruption - participial placement [moet gemaakt hebben] - verb projection raising [wil brood eten] - particle incorporation [wil op eten] are instances of the same process ([V1-[X-V2]]): 1-3-2 = 2-V-cluster with raising of complex V2 (VPR)

20 moet gemaakt hebben + wil brood eten + willen op eten ([V 1 - [X- V 2 ]) dark blue = 0 / light blue = 1 / green-yellow = 2 / red = 3 occurrences

21 the problem analysis of verbal clusters in varieties of Dutch (3V) Jan weet dat hij voor 3 uur de wagen... a. moet hebben gemaakt(1-2-3) MIDDLE: 1-2-3 order & verbal participle b. moet gemaakt hebben(1-3-2) SOUTH: 1-2 order & non-verbal participle & cluster interruption c. hebben gemaakt moet(2-3-1) ungrammatical d. hebben moet gemaakt(2-1-3) ungrammatical e. gemaakt moet hebben(3-1-2) MIDDLE & SOUTH: 1-2 order & non-verbal participle g. gemaakt hebben moet(3-2-1) NORTH: 3-2-1 order & ±verbal participle John knows that he before 3 o’clock the car must have made... made have must

22 conclusions from the six logical orders in 3V-clusters only 1-2-3 and 3-2-1 are available the orders 1-2-3 and 3-2-1 are geographically distributed (north vs rest) participles must(south)/can(rest) be non- verbal: [3-1-2 = participle-1-2] the south shows the phenomenon of cluster interruption (participles/particles etc.): 1-3-2 = 1-participle-2 theory should account for the availability of two out of six logical structures only