SPF SANTE PUBLIQUE, SECURITE DE LA CHAINE ALIMENTAIRE ET ENVIRONNEMENT 1 13 th UN Climate Change Conference Bali, 3-15 december 2007 Peter Wittoeck FOD VVVL – Dienst Klimaatverandering CCIM Stakeholderconsultatie IX 24 januari 2008

Bali Climate Change Conference COP.13 - COP/MOP.3 SBI & SBSTA.27 AWG.4 (Resumed) Grootste VN-Klimaatconferentie ooit: – participants (>100 ministers) –188 countries –413 NGO’s & IGO’s –1.498 journalists 2

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 3 Belgian Delegation 2 Ministers (Tobback, Huyttebroeck) 4 kabinetsmedewerkers (fed. + gewesten) 5 diplomaten 8 ambtenaren (fed. + gewesten) 2 wetenschappers 2 parlementsleden (Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers) 12 stakeholders (milieubeweging, vakbeweging, werkgevers)

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 4 Korte voorgeschiedenis

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU New Delhi (COP.8): –Post 2012 nog steeds taboe –Focus van Mitigation (Kyotoprotocol) naar Adaptation 2004 Buenos Aires (COP.10): –Post-2012: organisatie van Seminar of Governmental Experts (SoGE), => mocht niet leiden tot onderhandelingen –Adaptation centraal: ‘Buenos Aires programme of work on adaptation’ 2005 Montreal - Montreal Action Plan (COP.11/CMP.1): –Kyoto Track (AWG) = Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I parties = officieel onderhandelingsproces –Convention Track = 4 informele workshops over 2 jaar (“Dialogue”) => mocht niet leiden tot onderhandelingen –Protocol Review (article 9) / Russian proposal 2007 Bali (COP.13/CMP.3) –Bali Action Plan => start officieel onderhandelingsproces post 2012 globaal

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 6 Verwachtingen

7 Algemeen (1) Start van de onderhandelingen over post Resultaat Bali = Roadmap Verwachte uitkomst = PROCES Einddatum 2009 (COP.15/CMP.5 Kopenhagen) => nieuw internationaal akkoord

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 8 Algemeen (2) Raad (Milieu) comprehensive and inclusive negotiation process shared vision building blocks an ambitious timetable agreement by 2009 “CALLS UPON all Parties to agree a comprehensive and inclusive negotiation process at the Bali climate conference based on a shared vision, elaborating on the building blocks, including cross- cutting issues such as investment and finance, and establish and follow an ambitious timetable which should result in a global and comprehensive post agreement by 2009.”

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 9 Algemeen (3) WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: all Partiescomprehensive negotiationengage all Parties in a comprehensive negotiation process including Convention and Kyoto tracks, agreement by 2009reaching a global and comprehensive post-2012 agreement by 2009, architecture of the Kyoto Protocolbuilding on and broadening the architecture of the Kyoto Protocol. overarching processagree a roadmap establishing an overarching process work programmeestablishing a work programme milestonesproviding interim milestones (2008) to review progress, inter-linkages between the tracksexploiting synergies and taking care of inter-linkages between the tracks. consistency with the level of ambitionconsistency with the level of ambition set out in our Spring Council conclusions. shared vision in line with 2°Cpush as far as we can towards our preferred shared vision in line with 2°C objective. substance of 8 “building blocks” financeensure that substance of 8 “building blocks” is covered, as well as finance. synergiesensure synergies between all elements and negotiation tracks. more intense programmeestablish a more intense programme of meetings.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 10 Bouwstenen Raad (Milieu) : shared vision to reach the ultimate objective 1.further developing a shared vision to reach the ultimate objective (…); deeper absolute emission reduction commitments developed countries 2.agreeing on deeper absolute emission reduction commitments by developed countries; fair and effectivecontributions other countries 3.facilitating further fair and effective contributions by other countries; carbon market 4.extending the carbon market, (…) technology 5.increasing cooperation on technology research, development, diffusion, deployment and transfer; adaptation 6.enhancing efforts to address adaptation; aviation and maritime transportation 7.addressing emissions from international aviation and maritime transportation, (…); deforestation 8.reducing emissions from deforestation and enhancing sinks by sustainable forest management and land use practices; mobilise the necessary finance +(…) mobilise the necessary finance in the most efficient and effective way as part of a global and comprehensive post-2012 framework;

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 11 Convention Dialogue WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: contribute to the Bali Roadmapfollow-up of the Dialogue will contribute to the Bali Roadmap, together with other negotiation tracks, making it possible to adopt a global and comprehensive agreement in negotiations on the contributions of NAI countriesmanageable follow-up process to the Dialogue that allows for negotiations on the contributions of NAI countries. avoid text that rules out any commitmentsavoid text that rules out any commitments - especially for the more developed and fast growing NAI parties. allow for negotiationsallow for negotiations based on ideas bought forward during the dialogue as well as development of these ideas to strengthen effective implementation of the commitments of all parties.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 12 AWG WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: ambitious timetable in line with the timetable of the broader negotiating processambitious timetable for the completion of its work, ensure that it is realistic and allows for enough time to complete discussions effectively, and that it is in line with the timetable of the broader negotiating process. workplan for 2008a workplan for 2008 that ensures substantive discussions on means to achieve mitigation objectives, in particular the future of the flexible mechanisms, possible inclusion of additional sectors and a preparation for differentiating emission reduction targets at the final stage. results can be utilised in the Article 9 Reviewensure that AWG results can be utilised in the Article 9 Review and vice versa in order to work efficiently and avoid duplication.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 13 Kyoto Protocol Review WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: proper considerationproper consideration of the scope and content to take place at CMP4review to take place at CMP4 to have the necessary issues in the negotiation table for further work in Kyoto Protocol architecturebuild upon and broaden the Kyoto Protocol architecture consistency and synergystrong consistency and synergy between the negotiations under Article 9, AWG, the follow–up to the Dialogue and the overarching post-2012 process and its substance. Russian ProposalLink part of the Russian Proposal to the review.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 14 EGTT WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: continuation of near-medium termcontinuation of near-medium term activities relating to implementation of the existing technology transfer framework (4/CP.7) technology building block post 2012provide the basis for negotiating elements of a technology building block as part of a post 2012 framework for agreement in scale up supportsignal that we are prepared to scale up support for technology cooperation as part of a comprehensive, fair and effective post 2012 agreement.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 15 Deforestation WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: pilot activitiesmodalities methodological workinitiating pilot activities, indicative modalities, further methodological work process post-2012process to explore possibilities within an overall post-2012 agreement forest degradation Sustainable Forest Management stabilisationScope: explore the consideration of forest degradation during the pilot phase. Sustainable Forest Management and stabilisation could be taken up in the development of national reference emission levels. Accounting national levelAccounting should be carried out at the national level. Financing & Early action overall post-2012 packageFinancing & Early action will have to be seen in combination with the overall post-2012 package of commitments.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 16 Financial Mechanism WPIEI(CC) Position Paper: initiateinitiate the fourth review follow the same process as beforeensure to follow the same process as before, i.e. basically sticking to the guidelines of decision 3/CP.4 which relate to the objectives, the methodology and the criteria for the review.

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 17 Resultaten

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 18 ‘The Bali Roadmap consists of a number of foward- looking decisions adopted today. These decisions represent various tracks that are essential to reaching a secure climate future’ Rachmat Witoelar, COP-president, closing plenary ‘Bali Roadmap’ tracks: Bali Action Plan = Follow-up Convention Dialogue AWG Second Review of KP (art.9) +EGTT, Financial Mechanism, REDD

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 19 Bali Action Plan (1) comprehensive process agreed outcomefifteenth session [2009]Launch a comprehensive process […] in order to reach an agreed outcome and adopt a decision at its fifteenth session [2009] by addressing: shared visiona long-term goal –A shared vision, including a long-term goal for emission reductions –Mitigation, Adaptation,Technology & Finance Ad Hoc Working GroupEstablish a subsidiary body, knows as the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action, that shall complete its work in 2009 Process begin without delay; first session no later than April 2008 Stocktaking COP.14Stocktaking of the process at COP.14 informed by science internal and external processesProcess to be informed by science and by internal and external processes

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 20 Bali Action Plan (2) Mitigation Building Block commitmentsQELROsall developed Parties comparability of effortsMeasurable, Reportable and verifiable […] mitigation commitments, including QELROs, by all developed Parties, while ensuring the comparability of efforts among them, [...] actions by developing countries[…] mitigation actions by developing countries in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building,in a reportable and verifiable manner deforestationReducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation Sectoral approachesSectoral approaches and sector-specific actions marketsVarious cost-effective approaches, including markets response measuresEconomic and social consequences of response measures catalytic role of the UNFCCCStrengthen the catalytic role of the UNFCCC

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 21 Bali Action Plan (3) Adaptation Building Block urgent implementation LDCs and SIDSInternational cooperation to support urgent implementation of adaptation actions […] urgent and immediate needs of LDCs and SIDS Risk management and risk reductionRisk management and risk reduction strategies (including insurance) Disaster risk reductionDisaster risk reduction and means to address loss and damage in developing countries Economic diversicationEconomic diversication to build resilience catalytic role of the UNFCCCStrengthen the catalytic role of the UNFCCC

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 22 Bali Action Plan (4) Technology Building Block Scaling upScaling up of the development and transfer of technology to developing countries AccelerateAccelerate deployment, diffusion and transfer of affordable environmentally sound technologies research and developmentCooperation on research and development specific sectorsMechanisms and tools for technology cooperation in specific sectors

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 23 Bali Action Plan (5) Finance Building Block Improved accessImproved access to adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources new and additionalProvision of new and additional resources Positive incentivesPositive incentives for developing country parties for the enhanced implementation of mitigation strategies and adaptation actions Innovative meansInnovative means of funding for adaptation SDPAMsIncentivise adaptation based on SDPAMs Public and privatePublic and private sector funding and investment capacity buildingSupport for capacity building in the assessment of adaptation costs

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 24 Shared Vision: global emissionspeak in the next 10 to 15 years well below half of levels in 2000 by the middle of the 21 st centuryglobal emissions need to peak in the next 10 to 15 years and be reduced to very low levels, well below half of levels in 2000 by the middle of the 21 st century in order to stabilise their concentrations at the lowest levels assessed by the IPCC to date. Annex I Parties per cent below 1990 by 2020recognized that (…) AR4 indicates that achieving the lowest levels assessed by the IPCC to date and its corresponding potential damage limitation would require Annex I Parties as a Group to reduce emissions in a range of per cent below 1990 by 2020 Opm.: Om 2°C binnen bereik te houden moeten de genoemde lowest levels worden gehaald AWG (1)

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 25 AWG (2) Work program and schedule: 2008 Analysis of meansAnalysis of means available to Annex 1: emission trading, project based mechanismis, rules LULUCF, GHG sectors and sources, sectoral approaches, ways to enhance the effectiveness of those means methodological issuesRelevant methodological issues, incl estimating emissions and global warming potential consequencesPotential environmental, economic and social consequences, including spill-over effects potential and rangesMitigation potential and ranges ScaleScale of emission reductions (initiate) 2009 commitmentsquantitative limitation or reduction commitments, durationduration of the commitment period

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 26 Kyoto Protocol Review Preparatory processPreparatory process: scope and content Review CMP 4 share of proceedsExtending the share of proceeds to JI and IET to assist in meeting the costs of adaptation Commitments for Annex Ito inscribe Commitments for Annex I Privileges and Immunities flexible mechanismsScope, effectiveness and functioning of flexible mechanisms, including geographical distribution of CDM adverse effectsMinimization of adverse effects, including adverse effects of climate change ‘means’Input from the AWG on ‘means’

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 27 mandaat hernieuwdEGTT-mandaat hernieuwd Post-2012Post-2012 mee in EGTT-mandaat SBIfinanceNu ook op SBI-agenda (finance!) GEF strategic programmeGEF werkt een strategic programme uit voor financiering van TT EGTT

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 28 Deforestation demonstration activitiesUndertake demonstration activities asap indicative guidanceindicative guidance Capacity buildingCapacity building, technology transfer and technical assistance methodological issues regarding policy optionsSBSTA Program of work on methodological issues regarding policy options Mobilize resourcesMobilize resources to support these efforts degradationconservation managementConsideration of forest degradation, forest conservation & sustainable forest management basis of national emissions national approachesReductions should be assessed on the basis of national emissions / Subnational approaches only as a step towards national approaches;

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 29 GEFTot heden = GEF bredere benaderingNu: bredere benadering (cf. BAP Finance BB) complementarityImprove the complementarity with other sources of investment and financial flows sources and meansexamining relevant sources and means of financing, scaling upscaling up the level of resources; enabling environmentsenabling environments for catalysing technology investment and transfer Financial Mechanism

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 30 Evaluatie

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 31 Volledig bereikte doelstellingen comprehensive negotiationa comprehensive negotiation –BAP = onderhandelingsproces all Partiesengage all Parties –Onderhandelingen over vergelijkbare verbintenissen van ALLE industrielanden (BAP + AWG) –Onderhandelingen over inspanningen van ontwikkelingslanden (BAP) inter-linkagessynergiesinter-linkages between the tracks/synergies between all elements and negotiation tracks. –BAP informed by internal and external processes –REDD, TT, Financial Mechanism: post 2012 framework agreement by 2009agreement by 2009 –BAP & AWG eindigen in 2009 more intense programmemore intense programme of meetings –BAP & AWG: 4 meetings/jaar

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 32 Gedeeltelijk bereikte doelstellingen level of ambition/shared visionlevel of ambition/shared vision in line with 2°C objective. –AWG: usefullness of IPCC WGIII AR4: IPCC lowest stabilisation levels Peaking next yrs. Globally well below 50% (2050) 25-40% (2020) Annex I MAAR geen heel expliciete bevestiging als doelstelling –BAP: shared vision voorwerp van onderhandelingen 8 “building blocks”, as well as finance.substance of 8 “building blocks”, as well as finance. –Aviation/maritime transport gedekt door “sectoral”? –Alle overige BB adequaat afgedekt work programmeestablishing a work programme –AWG: gedetailleerd werkprogramma –BAP:indicatief tijdsschema geen koppeling met building blocks

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 33 Niet bereikte doelstellingen overarching processroadmap establishing an overarching process –Geen overkoepelende beslissing, enkel verklaring COP- voorzitter

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 34 Intense 2 year negotiation process : –4 sessions/year –Submissions –Workshops –Intersessionals Additional funding needed for the process (6,3 MUSD) Tight schedule! COP 16 (2010 Belgian Presidency) is ‘COP of last chance’ Heeft België de nodige middelen?? Next steps

FOD VOLKSGEZONDHEID, VEILIGHEID VAN DE VOEDSELKETEN EN LEEFMILIEU 35 Dank u!