Grammar Unit 5 HD 5.1 t/m 5.9

5.1 Present Perfect Continuous Vorm: have / has + been + ww + -ing Gebruik: Toen begonnen; nu nog steeds zo Vaak nadruk op tijdsduur Signaalwoorden for …, since … I have been waiting for the bus for hours now!

Examples! 1. Mandy and Bryony ... (rehearse) for Pop Idol for days now. 2. Rick, you ... (look) on the internet all morning. Now it's my turn! 3. Rick ... (take) the sedatives for a month now. 4. I … (wait) for the train since 3 o’clock.

Examples! 1. Mandy and Bryony have been rehearsing (rehearse) for Pop Idol for days now. 2. Rick, you have been looking (look) on the internet all morning. Now it's my turn! 3. Rick has been taking (take) the sedatives for at least a month now. 4. I have been waiting (wait) for the train since 3 o’clock.

5.2 Past Perfect Vorm: had + voltooid deelwoord Gebruik: 2 handelingen in het verleden. De verste in het verleden krijgt de past perfect. Maaike told me about the car she had seen.

Examples! 1. Mr Cedillo told the press that when he came home his wife ... (already disappear). 2. When Mum turned on the TV the flight to Miami ... (already crash). 3. Dad told Mum that he ... (never know) that Rick had nightmares. 4. After they … (make) suitable arrangements, they went on holiday.

Examples! 1. Mr Cedillo told the press that when he came home his wife had already disappeared (already disappear). 2. When Mum turned on the TV the flight to Miami had already crashed (already crash). 3. Dad told Mum that he had never known (never know) that Rick had nightmares. 4. After they had made (make) suitable arrangements, they went on holiday.

5.3 Past Perfect Continuous Vorm: had + been + ww + -ing Gebruik: Bezig op een moment in het verleden. Vaak om aan te geven dat iets al enige tijd bezig was Signaalwoorden for …, since … I had been training for the Olympics for years when I finally got the chance to participate!

Examples! 1. When the pilot of flight 19 finally arrived he ... (drink) for hours. 2. My Mum … (train) for weeks before she finally lost some weight. 3. Before Judy finally flew to Miami, she … (save) every single penny. 4. Rick … (feel) strange for some time. Then he had a nightmare.

Examples! 1. When the pilot of flight 19 finally arrived he had been drinking (drink) for hours. 2. My Mum had been training (train) for weeks before she finally lost some weight. 3. Before Judy finally flew to Miami, she had been saving (save) every single penny. 4. Rick had been feeling (feel) strange for some time. Then he had a nightmare.

5.4 Passive Vorm: Wanneer gebruik je het? Het onderwerp doet NIETS! vorm van ’to be’ (worden) + voltooid deelwoord Wanneer gebruik je het? Om aan te geven wat er gebeurt; het is niet belangrijk wie het doet: Het onderwerp doet NIETS!

Present Perfect Passive Present Passive: Tim is asked to leave the room Past Passive Tim was asked to leave the room Present Perfect Passive We’ve been told not to leave yet To be: am/is/are voor present passive was/were voor past passive have been voor present perfect passive + voltooid deelwoord

Examples! Present Perfect Passive cause 1. His sleepiness … by the sedatives. call 2. Don’t worry, your neighbour … (already) decide 3. Can you tell me what .. during my absence. destroy 4. Perhaps it … in this terrible air crash.

Examples! Present Perfect Passive cause 1. His sleepiness has been caused by the sedatives. call 2. Don’t worry, your neighbour has already been called (already) decide 3. Can you tell me what has been decided during my absence. destroy 4. Perhaps it has been destroyed in this terrible air crash.

5.5 be able to / be allowed to / have to Be able to  kunnen / in staat zijn I am able to drink a beer in ten seconds. I will be able to buy a car. Be allowed to  mogen / toegestaan zijn He is allowed to go to the party tonight He will be allowed to leave at 3 o’clock Have to  moeten (verplicht) You have to do your homework. You will have to go on a business trip. In de verleden tijd is de vorm van ‘to be’ : was/were

5.6 could have, should have, would have, might have Vorm: could/should/would/might + have + voltooid deelwoord. Betekenis: could have  had kunnen should have  had (eigenlijk) moeten would have  zou hebben might have  zou misschien hebben

5.7 do Gebruik: Om nadruk aan te geven She didn’t sleep well last night, but she did sleep well the night before! Rick doesn’t have to calm down. He does have to calm down!

5.8 Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden Opties: Who -> personen Whom -> personen (na voorzetsel) Which -> dingen That -> als vervanging van ‘who’ en ‘which’ (niets) -> … An exercise … I‘ve never checked I = onderwerp

Examples! who / which / that / Ø 1. The boy … dreamt about the plane … crashed yesterday is called Rick. 2. He is not the kind of boy … often has nightmares, but the dream … he had yesterday was horrible.

Examples! who / which / that / Ø 1. The boy who dreamt about the plane which / that crashed yesterday is called Rick. 2. He is not the kind of boy who / that often has nightmares, but the dream which / that / Ø he had yesterday was horrible.

5.9 bijvoeglijk naamwoord <-> bijwoord Zegt iets over een zelfstandig naamwoord: a beautiful person Bijwoord + ly Geeft aan hoe iets gebeurt: to sing beautifully Uitzonderingen: always, still, never, often, well

Een bijwoord zegt iets over: Een werkwoord: to act normally Een bijvoeglijk naamwoord: A perfectly normal house Een ander bijwoord: She sings extremely beautifully Een hele zin: Luckily, you didn’t miss the bus.