Implementation 312.000.000 Water Framework Directive 393.000 Dangerous Substances 35.800 Experiences 24.100 The Netherlands 10.600 Full title

Experience: There is a lot of information available on the internet, but in the end you have to do it all by yourself!

The implementation of the WFD with respect to Dangerous Substances Experiences in The Netherlands G. Niebeek/ 3 October 2006

PART I Watermanagement in The Netherlands low lands, wet lands

General information Total area: 41,000 km2 3,000 km2 of fresh water 4,000 km2 of marine water Total population: 16 million

Dutch challenges I Without human intervention, about 60% of the Netherlands would be swallowed by the sea

Dutch challenges II In 75% of the Netherlands, the groundwater is less than 50 cm below surface level

The creation of a country

Water system The ‘Dutch challenges’ require a fine-meshed water system… and even finer

Water system in the Randstad Fine-meshed water system (heavily modified or artificial) Highly regulated 50 meters 1,6 meters below sealevel

Netherlands: delta of 4 rivers Ems Rhine Meuse Scheldt all 4 River Basin Districts are international

Organisation of water management Different layers dealing with water management: State 1 Provinces 12 Water boards 27 Municipalities 500 All with their own autonomous competences

Part II Pressures

Waterbodies Total: 1000

Pressures Point sources Emission register Diffuse sources

Overall view Als we nu de belangrijkste brongroepen bekijken: -industrie -RWZI’s -diffuse bronnen … dan zien we dat in de afgelopen jaren voor de meeste stoffen de emissies vanuit de industrie sterk zijn afgenomen (voor veel stoffen tussen 1985-1995 met 90%), voor de RWZI’s ook afgenomen, maar minder sterk en voor diffuus voor sommige stoffen afgenomen, maar voor andere stoffen zelfs toegenomen! Relatief zien we dan dat tegenwoordig voor veel stoffen vooral de diffuse bronnen van belang zijn.

atmospheric deposition Diagram Emissions INDUSTRY direct discharges international load untreated industry rainwater outlets SEWER SYSTEM stormwater overflow building materials SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS households AIR AIR SURFACE WATER road traffic run-off atmospheric deposition SOIL Dit is het basis-schema wat we in NL gebruiken. Links zien we de bronnen, gegroepeerd in wat we noemen: doelgroepen, target groups in ENG. We proberen alle belangrijke bronnen mee te nemen. Van tijd tot tijd komen er bronnen bij. We brengen de emissies in kaart (jaarvrachten: kg/jaar) per bron. Niet alleen naar water, maar ook naar lucht en bodem. Dat is niet alles, we brengen ook de routes naar het rioolstelsel en naar het oppervlaktewater in beeld. Uiteindelijk willen we weten hoeveel kg van een stof in het oppervlaktewater komt, maar ook waar het vandaan komt. Waarom willen we dat weten? Omdat je maatregelen op verschillende plekken kan nemen: -bronmaatregelen -verdeling compartimenten -route water/riool, gezuiverd/ongezuiverd drainage agriculture navigation direct discharges recreation

Industry About 250 industries: yearly electronic environment report > by law About 750 industries: yearly information request to the local authorities > voluntarily Proberen dus een totaal beeld te krijgen van alle industrie. 1 en 2: metingen 3: schattingen All other industries: estimation based on the production capacity and the emissions of the individual known industries > by RIZA and National Institute for Statistics

Different sources, different methodes Combination of models and data Basic method: -emission factor * statistic variable = discharge load Example: - Yearly loss of 2 kg copper per ship due to use of antifouling - 5000 ships >2 * 5000 = 10.000 kg copper Reality is more complex

Part III Monitoring

Monitoring locations (State waters)

Monitoring Screening of monitoring data State waters (2002-2004) Total about 200 substances List of 132 substances Former Directive 76/464/EEC List of Priority substances About 40 additional substances Missing data  Additional monitoring

Monitoring results State Waters PAH, Cd, TBT Regional Waters PAH, Pesticides, Cd, Ni * Based on available data

Part IV Specific substances

Selection of specific substances 76/464/EEG Produced/ Used > EQS Specific Detected

Specific Substances International Riverbasins Rhine: 15 substances (Cu, Zn, Bentazon, MCPA,.. State level: 12 substances (PAH, Cu, Zn,…. Regional level: to be defined

Specific Substances Deriving EQS by Member States Make use of TGD and Manual on EQS Cooperation with other Member States Rhine UK, D, NL

Experiences Implementation of wfd is complex; many different experts needed Guidance documents have been and are still valuable, provided they are available in time A lot of information is already available but there is also a data gap. It takes time to create additional data.

Experiences II Legislation with binding obligations, a strict time frame and “learning by doing” is a bad combination “One out all out” might be counterproductive Cooperation between MS saves resources