Grammar in a Nutshell Skills 1

Present tenses Present Simple (a.k.a. Simple Present) Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Just two grammar exercises in this test: 1 exercise that combines the present simple and the present continuous 1 exercise with all the different present tenses

Present Simple When do you use it? Facts: water boils at 100°c. Habits: you study English 3 times per week. Permanent state: I love tea. Describing yourself: He has got brown hair. Check out these signal words: often, usually, sometimes, never…

Present Simple Example: walk Affirmative Negative Interrogative Bevestigend Ontkennend Vragend I walk I don’t walk Do I walk? You walk You don’t walk Do you walk? He walks He doesn’t walk Does he walk? She walks She doesn’t walk Does she walk? It walks It doesn’t walk Does it walk? We walk We don’t walk Do we walk? You walk (plural) You don’t walk Do you walk? They walk They don’t walk Do they walk?

Present Continuous

Present simple – Present continuous This guy explains the difference: https://youtu.be/dToboUPXdxE

In short: Present Continuous (in Dutch) Je gebruikt de present continuous om: aan te geven dat iets NU aan de gang is. Signaalwoorden zijn o.a: "now, at the moment, listen..." enz. aan te geven dat je iets van plan bent. Meestal staat er bij wanneer je in de toekomst  dat van plan bent.  irritatie aan te geven. Meestal staat het woordje "always" in de zin om het extra duidelijk te maken. I am reading now. (nu aan de gang) They are dancing tonight. (vast plan) He is always teasing me. (irritatie)

Versus: Present Simple (in Dutch) Je gebruikt de simple present om: aan te geven dat iets een gewoonte is. Signaalwoorden zijn o.a: "always, never, every day" enz. aan te geven dat iets een feit is. He always drives fast. (gewoonte) The sun rises in the east. (feit)

Exercise leaves are you crying are not watching doesn’t speak am doing The train always ________________(leave) on time. "What's the matter? Why ________________(cry/you)?" That's strange. They________________(not watch) TV. He________________(not speak) English very well. Please be quiet! I________________(do) my homework. Where________________(live/they)? Listen! John ________________ music! (play) I never ________________(go) to the swimming pool. are you crying are not watching doesn’t speak am doing do they live is playing go

Present Perfect Je gebruikt de present perfect om… …te zeggen dat iets in het verleden is gebeurd maar er staat niet bij wanneer dat is gebeurd (als dat er wel staat gebruik je de past simple) …te zeggen dat iets in het verleden is begonnen en nu nog doorgaat (als het is afgerond gebruik je wederom de past simple) Zoals je begrijpt: de present perfect wordt in de toets dan ook in combinatie met de past simple gebruikt.

Present Perfect Hoe ziet dat er uit dan? have / has + voltooid deelwoord I have walked 10 miles already. You have bought an ugly sweater. We have listened to a boring lecture. They have been to France 4 times. She / he / it has played tennis since she was young. (shit)

Present Perfect Continuous Je gebruikt de present perfect continuous om… …te verwijzen naar een onbepaalde periode tussen ‘nu’ en ergens ‘voor nu’. Je denkt dan over iets dat (al eerder) is begonnen maar misschien nog niet in die periode is afgelopen. Je bent dan geïnteresseerd in het proces als in het resultaat, en dit proces kan nog voortduren of is net afgelopen.

Present Perfect Continuous Hoe ziet dat er uit dan? have / has + been + ww-ing I have been walking for 10 minutes already. You have been buying us lots of beers tonight. We have been listening to a boring lecture. They have been going to France for most of my life. She / he / it has been playing tennis since 2 pm. (shit-rule)

Present Perfect VS Present Perfect Continuous Watch this video to help you understand the difference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLxnRQZrhc0

Mind! If you talk about ‘ik’ in English, always write ‘I’ with a capital letter. So, no ‘i’ but ‘I’! Please, please, please, don’t write ‘wanna’ (= want to) or ‘gonna’ (= going to) or something like that. You can say it, but not write it. It is grammatically incorrect. Good luck studying!

Grammar in a Nutshell