Speciaal – Atoomfysica Aspecten AMO-werkgemeenschapscommissie Stand van Zaken TRImP FOM programma 48 Speciaal – Atoomfysica Aspecten AMO-werkgemeenschapscommissie 6 october 2004 Klaus Jungmann, KVI

TRImP Trapped Radioactive Isotopes: microlaboratories for Fundamental Physics Theory Nuclear Physics Experiment Atomic people (scientists): G. P. Berg, U. Dammalapati, S. De, P. Dendooven, O. Dermois, M.N. Harakeh, R. Hoekstra, K. Jungmann, R. Morgenstern, C.J.G. Onderwater, A. Rogachevskiy, M. Sanchez, O.Scholten, M. Sohani, R. Timmermans, E. Traykov, O. Versolato, L. Willmann, H.W. Wilschut + many more funding: project 2001  2005 project  program 2001  2013 (4 years setup phase)

Motivatie - Waar gaat het over ?

Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model Strong Gravitation ? Magnetism Electricity Maxwell Glashow, Salam, t'Hooft, Veltman,Weinberg Weak Electro - Standard Model Grant Grand Unification not yet known? Physics within the Standard Model Physics outside Standard Model Searches for New Physics

& Precision Measurement TRImP Possibilities to Test New Models Low Energies & Precision Measurement High Energies & direct observations 

Some Questions related to TRImP Physics Origin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions  details of b-decays Na, Ne isotopes (nature prefers lefthandedness) Dominance of Matter over Antimatter in Universe ? CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation  permanent electric dipole moments ? Ra isotopes

Waar kan men dat binnen TRImP Atoomfysica - Waar kan men dat binnen TRImP vinden ? Bijna overal !

De wereld volgens Escher H.W. Wilschut De wereld volgens Escher P C T materie antimaterie spiegelbeeld terug naar af af tiid   tijd meet schending tijdsomkering niet CERN maar met normale materie b.v. elektrisch dipoolmoment e+ e-

Concept op het KVI

TRImP Vanaf het begin: Atoomfysica in bijna elke onderdeel Particle Physics Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics Elk subsysteem moet met hoge effizientie en betrouwbaarheid werken

Realizatie van het Concept

Combined Fragment and Recoil Separator TRImP Combined Fragment and Recoil Separator Ion catcher (gas-cell or thermal ioniser) Low energy beam line MOT D Q Magnetic separator Production target Wedge AGOR cyclotron RFQ cooler/buncher MOT

De Separator werkt sinds zomer 2004

Separator commissioning TRIP Separator commissioning Detector 1 21Na 20Ne 21Na 20Ne Dispersive plane DD QD QD DD QD QD T1 Achromatic focus Detector 2 B = p/q  v A/Z TOF  A/Z E  A2 AGOR beam Traps Yield of 21Na at the focal plane: Experiment observation: 5.3 MHz/kW

Hoe remmen wij de ionen af ? Botsingen in gas ? Vaste stoffen ? Verzamelen op een folie ? Testopstellingen nodig

ION-CATCHER EU-RTD Meeting Leuven 2003: Bottom line: NOT ionization potentials of collision partners BUT s01 / (s01 + s10) are important  Use W/Re Thermal Ionizer for alkali and alkali earth: > 90% efficiency

RFQ Novel Technology

TRImP RFQ Cooler

RFQ prototype test TRIP Tests: RFQ in vacuum Transverse cooling Velocity damping With and without a drag voltage on the segments Trap position Buffer gas pressure (He): ~10-1 mbar ~10-3 mbar 330 mm 10eV RFQ ion cooler thermal RFQ ion buncher Switching on end electrodes TRIP

Optimization using the simulations Main goal: collect all ions Confinement and transmission Optimize parameters (regions of stable operation): pressure and type of gas aperture diameters beam settings at entrance drag voltage step potentials on separation electrodes accumulation time (buncher) trap potential depth and shape Questions: phase dependence (cooler-buncher) phase dependence (switching) where do we loose ions (why?) Buffer gas pressure RF: 1500 kHz, 21Na+, 10 eV 950 m/s maximum transverse velocity 0.5 V drag voltage step Gas pressure  drag voltage ~ 2 eV q=0.5 p=0.025 mbar drag voltage=0.5V Trapped Radioactive Isotopes: micro-laboratories for Fundamental Physics

Een nieuw laser laboratorium voor nauwkeurige meetingen ontstaat

Laser Hardware & Electronics TRImP Laser Hardware & Electronics New laser equipment arrives Ti:sapphire laser Dye laser Semiconductor laser Diagnostic equipment Technical personnel …

Waar Staan Wij in de Fysica? Twee Hoofdactiviteiten (KVI groep): b-verval edm’s (Radium, Deuteron) Buitengebruikers: 21Na - verval (Naviliat, Caen; begin October 2004) 19Ne - verval (Young, North Carolina; werkt al mee) Belangstelling aangegeven: Pariteitsschending in Cs isotopen (Bouchiat) Pariteitsschending in enkele ionen (Fortson) (zitten wachten op faciliteit en menskracht)

b-verval Correlaties begin: 21Na later: 20Na, 19Ne

New Interactions in Nuclear and Muon b-Decay In Standard Model: Weak Interaction is V-A Vector [Tensor] b+ ne Scalar [Axial vector] b+ ne Scielzo,Freedman, Fujikawa, Vetter PRL 93, 102501-1 (3 Sep 2004) 21 Na : a exp = 0.5243(91) a theor = 0.558(6)  branching ratio measurement needed In general b-decay could be also S , P, T nuclear b-decays, Experiments in Traps

The role of (optical) trapping Optical trap sample isotope selective, spin manipulation point source, no substrate recoil (ion) mass spectrometry From KVI atomic physics: He2+ + Na S. Knoop 1 a.u.=15 AeV Ideal environment for precision experiments

Electrische Dipool Momenten Permanente Electrische Dipool Momenten Spektrokopie van Ba,Ra Haalbaarheidsexperimenten Deuteron EDM EDM experimenten

Origin of EDMs from C.P. Liu

Origin of EDMs from C.P. Liu

TRImP Radium Permanent Electric Dipole Moment Benefits of Radium near degeneracy of 3P1 and 3D2  ~ 40 000 enhancement some nuclei strongly deformed spin > 1/2  nuclear enhancement 50~1000 (isotope dependent) 6 Ra also interesting for weak interaction effects Anapole moment, weak charge (Dzuba el al., PRA 6, 062509)

Radium Spectroscopy Data Radium Discharge analyzed with grating spectrometer Ebbe Rasmussen, Z. Phys, 87, 607 , 1934; Z. Phys, 86, 24, 1933. Resolution ~ 0.05 A, 99 lines, absolute accuracy [A] 1S0-1P1 1S0-3P1 Corrections in deduces energy levels H.N. Russel, Phys. Rev. 46, 989 (1934) [A] Similar to Barium  identification as alkaline earth element

Trappist’s View Repumping necessary Repumping Cooling Transition 7s 7p 1P1 7s 7p 3P 7s 6d 1D2 7s 6d 3D 1 2 3 1*105 s-1 3*105 1.6*106 s-1 4*103 s-1 Weaker line, second stage cooling Repumping 1.4*10-1 s-1 Preliminary Transition Rates as calculated by K. Pachucky (also by V. Dzuba et al.)

Trappist’s View 3*104 s-1 2.2*108 s-1 7s2 1S0 7s 7p 1P1 7s 7p 3P 7s 6d 1D2 7s 6d 3D 1 2 3 1*105 s-1 3*105 1.6*106 s-1 4*103 s-1 Preliminary Transition Rates as calculated by K. Pachucky (also by V. Dzuba et al.)

Trappist’s View Consequences for Laser Cooling with 1S0-3P1 Energy levels calculation 3D-States are lower J. Biron & K. Pachucky (priv. Comm.) 7s 6d 3D 1 2 3 2.2*108 s-1 7s2 1S0 7s 7p 1P1 7s 7p 3P 7s 6d 1D2 2 1 1.6*106 s-1 7s 6d 3D 1 2 3 Consequences for Laser Cooling with 1S0-3P1 Smaller Enhancement of EDM Longer Lifetime of 3D2 in E-Field

Barium Intercombination line 1S0–3P1 553.7 nm 791.3 nm 6s2 1S0 6s 6p 1P1 6s 6p 3P 1 6s 5d 3D  3 m 1.4 µsec 8.4 nsec 40% 60% 3 2 1 Creation of intense beam of meta-stable D-state atoms

FM Saturated absorption spectroscopy of I2 (almost one line/5GHz from 500-900nm) Diode Laser 791.3 nm I2 Oven (560ºC) M1 M3 BS PD Lock-In Amp Feedback Control VCO /4 AOM w=90.5kHz f=f0+f1 Sin(wt) Reference Line P(52)(0-15) transition To Beat note 599 MHz away from 1S0–3P1 in 138Ba Lock point

1S0–3P1 transition in an External Magnetic field  = gJ µ mJ B IS = 138Ba–136Ba= 108.5 (3) MHz 2.3 MHz (FWHM) Decay rates Branching into 3D States Barium to test atomic theory

Competitors

Some EDM Experiments compared New 2004 from muon g-2: d (muon) < 2.8 10-19 1.610-27 • Start TRIP 199Hg Radium potential de (SM) < 10-37 molecules: after E.Hinds

Wat wij in richting toepassingen doen Spin Offs Wat wij in richting toepassingen doen

TRImP The ALCATRAZ Experiment a precursor for TRImP (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern et al.) 41Ca

Stand van Zaken Atoomfysica is een sterke poot van TRImP TRImP is (nog) in opbouw fase Al eerste experimenten (meer technisch) met impact 21Na b-verval branching ratio eerste serieuse meeting in voorbereiding KVI groep gefocusseerd op b-verval en edm’s, waar goede kansen voor impact bestaan zorgvuldige, maar efficiente aanpak Samenwerkingsverbanden met gerenomeerde atoomfysici zijn ontstaan; verdere mogelijkheden zitten wachten

Key Experiments TRImP TRImP will be a user facility  open to outside users KVI will concentrate first on  electroweak tests * b- decay (20,21Na, 19Ne) * electric dipole moments (Ra)  applications * ALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern) Networks jointly address  technology and science issues * NIPNET, KVI coordinator (H.W. Wilschut) ION Catcher VIDI grants for spectroscopy on Radium (L. Willmann) for Deuteron (edm) polarimeter (G. Onderwater) Conference invited talks (on TRImP related subjects) 2000: 2 2001: 5 2002: 10 2003: 5 2004: 8 2005: 3

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