Scenario Design een praktische methode voor het ontwerpen van snelle representaties van de toekomst: envisioning design and feasibility study Gerrit C. van der Veer Vrije Universiteit, Informatiekunde: Multimedia en Cultuur

1. high level scenarios –are suitable for situations where the main problem is the difference in cultures between the “current” situation and the envisioned context of use. –cultural aspects can be represented in: goals, values and needs of users in the future situation norms, habits, “fashion” 2. low level scenarios –will be applied in later iterations of technology design process –cultural aspects mostly represented in: cultural symbols in the interface details of the context Scenarios and culture

Scenarios - tool for envisioning new technology in use Scenarios are “informal narrative descriptions” of people using technology in a culture and context of use A well specified and sufficiently detailed description of individual instances of events, artefacts, procedures, situations described in full context of use from the point of view of actors (users, not the client of design) proposed as envisioning, not as finished design document

Step 1: build a conceptual model of the new technology which changes to current practice does the design approach which (types of ) tasks may be delegated to new technology or performed with the help of technology the cultural context (especially in high level scenarios): how will these tasks affect the culture of use (other roles, other value systems, other business processes) methodology to design for new cultures of use

Step 2: develop one or more scenarios two points of view (foci): actor (user): the “audience”, or “personas” (Cooper, 2000) goals and values in relation to use of the system (meanings assigned to the technology) meanings of the system’s representations and dialogue (low-level scenarios) situation needs and motives to use the proposed functionality allow the prospective user to imagine the actual situation

Step 3: confront the prospective users and other stakeholders with the scenarios and analyze the reactions mental models of prospective users as initiated by the scenario (in users’ mental models cultural aspects are reflected) claim analysis what is different from the current situation? what was the goal for this feature - is this goal reached? what are side effects and their valence (+ / -)? claims analysis participants: designers of relevant disciplines, client, prospective users, sceptical users and stakeholders

Step 4: feedback the results to the conceptual model Corrective feedback: the conceptual model is not understood as intended. would the design be needed, acceptable, in the envisioned culture of use. discovered in a very early state where not too much design effort is spend on dead ends. Creative feedback: end users and stakeholders interpret (project) their imagination and develop new ideas about the conceptual model an early and rich source for refinement and re-design.

Example of high-level scenario with multiple personas - SUN Starfire Claims of envisioning: task level: co-ordination; communication; efficiency; organisational simplicity functionality: representation of information; speed and availability interaction: dialogue styles; flexibility technology: efficiency of available technology In search of opinions of prospective users on usability: learnability, ease of use, affect

Example low level scenario (Xerox, CHI’98 short video) Digital Ink (DI) a “universal” communication device scenario with “persona” details of dialogue

“I discover a small garden yesterday, it was warm and dry and there was almost nobody around. And it was really the most relaxing place I had been to in months…”

“So I sat down, I did some writing and drawing and thinking that it was months that I communicated with my friends’ back home… I decided that I should send them some of my garden sketches by .” record

“So, in order to send the s: I pressed the mode button on the side of the DI.” record

“That changes the mode from record my drawing and hand writing... To command mode which allows me to tell DI what I wanted to do next.” command record

“While in command mode the elliptical screen slowly scrolls through the command words reminding me of what option I want to use.” send

“In this case I wanted to send s to my friends so I simply write: the word send followed by their addresses. The “->” terminates the command and sends the message Once the send command has been written and read, the screen displays the progress of the command Now my sketches are on their computers.” Send to Send to sending

Scenario based envisioning: voorbeeld van een “quick and dirty” techniek domein: specialistische bibliotheken en verzameingen, voorbeeld situatie: Mozarteum Salzburg, depot “oude drukken” doelgroep: geregistreerde musicologen (met vergelijkbare rechten in alle internationaal aangesloten instituten) Ontwerpvraag: welke technologie kan toegang snel en acceptabel regelen? En hoe zal de taakwereld er dan uitzien We overwegen drie opties: 1.persoonlijk pocket device, wereldwijd bruikbaar 2.automatische registratiezuil in de hal voor geregistreerden 3.“smart” sieraad dat contact maakt met registratie-desk

Scenario 1: Pocket device display gebied “zachte” knoppen tactiele sensoren International Musicologist Pass

M(usicoloog) wil gereserveerde oude druk bestuderen Geef je keuze aan International Musicologist Pass Condities: M heeft oude druk gereserveerd M is nog niet in het instituut ingeschreven M is in de buurt van de ingang M activeert de Pass locale bibliotheek functies overige

Welkom bij Morzarteum Salzburg International Musicologist Pass toegang tot reservering check reservering cancel reservering

Geef vingerafdruk voor identificatie International Musicologist Pass

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer International Musicologist Pass 23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer International Musicologist Pass 23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer International Musicologist Pass 23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, Le Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer International Musicologist Pass 23

Welkom Gerrit. Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812, ligt klaar in kamer 23. Onthoud je kamernummer International Musicologist Pass 23

Dit device is nu je kamersleutel International Musicologist Pass 23

Dit device is nu je kamersleutel International Musicologist Pass

M is nu ingeschreven en “binnen”. Geef je keuze aan International Musicologist Pass Stel, M kiest nu locale bibliotheek functies.... locale bibliotheek functies overige

Geef je keuze aan International Musicologist Pass bestudering beëindigen nieuwe reservering extra info op beeldscherm

Scenario 2: Automatische registratiezuil een of meer van deze in de ingangshal

Details frontpaneel scherm tactiele sensoren printer Mozarteum Salzburg

Default systeem toestand Only for members Int. Music. Association If you made a reservation for the library: please, provide fingerprint for identification Mozarteum Salzburg

Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd. Welkom bij de originele oude drukken afdeling van het Mozarteum Salzburg. Geef je keuze aan Mozarteum Salzburg toegang tot reservering check reservering cancel reservering

Condities: M is geregistreerd, boek is gereserveerd. Het kamernummer en de details van de reservering staan aan de achterkant van de print. De deur gaat open door het paneel naast de deur met de wijsvinger aan te raken. Veel succes met de studie. Mozarteum Salzburg

Scenario 3: “smart” sieraad (dit is een sier-speldje) Het sieraad communiceert met de computer op de balie, zodra de afstand minder is dan 1 meter

Beeldscherm op de balie, wordt uitgelezen door baliemederwerker B (een ander soort gebruiker dan Musicoloog M)

M met speld nadert de balie Dass ist Dr. Gerrit C. van der Veer, Ruffname “Gerrit” - Er ist nog nicht eingeschrieben Bevorzugte Sprachen: 1. Niederlandisch; 2. English; 3. Deutsch Reservierung: Mozart, La Nozze, B&H, 1812 Identifizierung OK? Y/N

B heeft bezoeker geïdentificeerd: Gerrit’s Reservierung liegt bereit in Zimmer 23, bis 17:00 Uhr Er ist nie vorherr im Mozarteum gewesen. Bitte zeig ihm die Aufzug. Sag ihm dass die Tür automatisch öffnet. “return” wenn fertig

huiswerk In groepen van 3(4): werk uit een scenario voor de situatie dat M klaar is met de studie, wil vertrekken en een electronische copie bestellen van pag en 12 van de bestudeerde bron (naar adres) voor scenario 1, 2, resp 3

Scenario Based Design in practice Dutch tax office: before embarking on full prototype, scenarios are developed and walked through with future users Philips Austria design company Seibersdorf develops a Critical Safety System (CSS), Clients: Austrian banks, railways, power plants example of a scenario envisioning:

The current CSS display: too much messages, sorted by time, that scroll off the screen

Information wall: operators were not convinced, “too sophisticated”

Building layout represented, messages sorted by type (+), but only fire alarms can be seen (-)

No layout, messages sorted by type: fire., intrusion, elevators …, each sorted by priority

Conclusion understanding of future technology, organisation, and procedures needs to be based on insight in mental models as well as culture and context of use Scenarios provide an early way to represent envisioning and allow “cheap” assessment of stakeholder understanding and acceptance