Inspiratie uit IJsland Jeroen de Greeff, MSc Mei 2018

In het kort Waarom aandacht voor IJsland? Wat doen ze daar? Wat zijn de plannen in NL?

Nav vraag journalist Volkskrant en redacteur van Nieuwsuur: uitgezocht wat er in Ijsland gaande was.

Afname middelengebruik middelengebruik 15/16 jarige middelbare scholieren IJSLAND WAS KOPLOPER IN EU: WAKE UP CALL DIE VEEL IN WERKING HEEFT GEZET

Ook onder 16-20-jarigen (high school) Nooit dronken geweest An even more remarkable finding is that in the year 2000, 18% of highschool students had NEVER become drunk. Now this figure is 46%. 46% who have never become drunk. We now even hear of “Sober-parties“, something unheard of 20 years ago – This was unthinkable at least during my younger years And what happens if this line continues to rise? What about an 19 year old individial that is just finishing high school and has never tried alcohol... Is he or she suddenly going to start drinking then... I would vote agains that fact. At least there is one good fact. Most people that become dependant on alcohol later in life – start using alcohol at the age of 14 to 16.

… en ook nog …

IJSLAND 330.000 inwoners Homogene bevolking Sterke civil society Scandinavische drinkcultuur

Importeren in NL? Doen we het zo slecht in NL? Nee zeker niet, ook mooie dalende lijnen, maar zeker ook uitdagingen om daling vast te houden, binge drinken wat niet daalt en ook dagelijks nog 75 jongeren beginnen met dagelijks roken.

Inspiratie uit IJsland Question is: to what extend can Iceland inspire us when addressing these challenges?

Manier van werken Begonnen met: wat staat er in de literatuur, wat verklaart het gedrag. Lijst met onderliggende factoren, zowel beschermend als risico verhogend. Deze zijn ze gaan meten en over tijd monitoren Gegevens zo snel mogelijk terug naar lokale partijen om te interveniëren Intervenieren met evidence based maatregelen (is ook research) En effecten weer monitoren + aanvullende analyses Monitoring Aanvullend onderzoek/analyses Evidence based interventies/beleid So what can Iceland help us with, when we’re confronted with these challenges? First of all: Iceland confirms the importance of evidence and science based work Intervention strategy (National) The national plan was more of a national makeover. Laws were changed, and new laws were made. Parents were basically forced to be more involved with their children. Government money was poured into the program, and was given to the less fortunate. The surveys of teenagers continue to happen every year, producing up-to-date information. Here’s a breakdown of what happened once Youth in Iceland officially began: Laws - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today. Parents One more law was made when Youth in Iceland went into effect: EVERY school in Iceland had to establish parent organizations, and had to create a school council with parental representatives. There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended. The key components of the local prevention approach are:

Manier van werken Begonnen met: wat staat er in de literatuur, wat verklaart het gedrag. Lijst met onderliggende factoren, zowel beschermend als risico verhogend. Deze zijn ze gaan meten en over tijd monitoren Gegevens zo snel mogelijk terug naar lokale partijen om te interveniëren Intervenieren met evidence based maatregelen (is ook research) En effecten weer monitoren + aanvullende analyses Monitoring Aanvullend onderzoek/analyses Evidence based interventies/beleid So what can Iceland help us with, when we’re confronted with these challenges? First of all: Iceland confirms the importance of evidence and science based work Intervention strategy (National) The national plan was more of a national makeover. Laws were changed, and new laws were made. Parents were basically forced to be more involved with their children. Government money was poured into the program, and was given to the less fortunate. The surveys of teenagers continue to happen every year, producing up-to-date information. Here’s a breakdown of what happened once Youth in Iceland officially began: Laws - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today. Parents One more law was made when Youth in Iceland went into effect: EVERY school in Iceland had to establish parent organizations, and had to create a school council with parental representatives. There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended. The key components of the local prevention approach are:

Indicatoren Gezondheids status indicatoren, angst, depressieve symptomen, fysieke gezondheids status, lifestyle en vrije tijdsbesteding, lokale community netwerken, negatieve life events en stress, ouders en familie, peer group, economische en psychologiche problemen, internet gokken, studie en school, middelengebruik, normen en waarden, geweld en deviant gedrag en meer … The questionnaires cover everything of importance in the childrens lives. We don´t just ask them about how much they drink and smoke but about everything of importance in their lives and envirponment. Mental and physical health, leisure time activities, family and friends, school, gambling, their neigbourhood and more and more The questionnaires include about 80 questions in 350 variables and take around 50 minutes to fill out. Lesa dæmi Laboratory

Manier van werken Begonnen met: wat staat er in de literatuur, wat verklaart het gedrag. Lijst met onderliggende factoren, zowel beschermend als risico verhogend. Deze zijn ze gaan meten en over tijd monitoren Gegevens zo snel mogelijk terug naar lokale partijen om te interveniëren Intervenieren met evidence based maatregelen (is ook research) En effecten weer monitoren + aanvullende analyses Monitoring Aanvullend onderzoek/analyses Evidence based interventies/beleid So what can Iceland help us with, when we’re confronted with these challenges? First of all: Iceland confirms the importance of evidence and science based work Intervention strategy (National) The national plan was more of a national makeover. Laws were changed, and new laws were made. Parents were basically forced to be more involved with their children. Government money was poured into the program, and was given to the less fortunate. The surveys of teenagers continue to happen every year, producing up-to-date information. Here’s a breakdown of what happened once Youth in Iceland officially began: Laws - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today. Parents One more law was made when Youth in Iceland went into effect: EVERY school in Iceland had to establish parent organizations, and had to create a school council with parental representatives. There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended. The key components of the local prevention approach are:

Monitoring 10 – 13 jr (sinds 2000 op Primary school) Data collectie op scholen 10 – 13 jr (sinds 2000 op Primary school) 14 – 16 jr (sinds 1992 op Primary school) 16 – 20 jr (sinds 1992 op High-school) We started collecting data on children in 1992 and own today probably the most comprehensive databank in europe about children age 10 to 18 Three different questionnaires 10 to 13 – Primary school 14 to 16 16 to 29 – High school Jaarlijks

Sterk verband tussen alcohol drinken en tijd spenderen met ouders For example We saw the strong connection between youth drinking and time spent with parents

Sterke verband tussen roken en sporten Strong connection between subastance use and participation in organized activities. Here is the connection between girls smoking and participation in organized sports *** We have seen also in some municipalities that the par

De belangrijkste risico- en beschermende factoren Gezins factoren Peer group Welbevinden Vrije tijd (sport, cultuur) We could see that there were four main risk and prevention factors. We could see the importance of the family We could see the effect of the peer group We could see the importance of the general well being of children And we could see the importance of the organized leisure time activities.

Aanknopingspunten voor beleid Tijd met ouders Support van ouders Monitoring door ouders Regels Gezins factoren Peer group Welbevinden Georganiseerd (met toezicht) Rolmodellen Vrije tijd (sport, cultuur) Peers kunnen pos en neg invloed hebben Spend 1 hour a day Als trainers geen kwaliteit hebben en geen goede rolmodellen zijn, werken extracu act niet positief, maar eerder negatief Contact ouders met peers Laat buiten rondhangen Welbevinden op school en daarbuiten Welbevinden thuis Pesten

Manier van werken Begonnen met: wat staat er in de literatuur, wat verklaart het gedrag. Lijst met onderliggende factoren, zowel beschermend als risico verhogend. Deze zijn ze gaan meten en over tijd monitoren Gegevens zo snel mogelijk terug naar lokale partijen om te interveniëren Intervenieren met evidence based maatregelen (is ook research) En effecten weer monitoren + aanvullende analyses Monitoring Aanvullend onderzoek/analyses Evidence based interventies/beleid So what can Iceland help us with, when we’re confronted with these challenges? First of all: Iceland confirms the importance of evidence and science based work Intervention strategy (National) The national plan was more of a national makeover. Laws were changed, and new laws were made. Parents were basically forced to be more involved with their children. Government money was poured into the program, and was given to the less fortunate. The surveys of teenagers continue to happen every year, producing up-to-date information. Here’s a breakdown of what happened once Youth in Iceland officially began: Laws - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today. Parents One more law was made when Youth in Iceland went into effect: EVERY school in Iceland had to establish parent organizations, and had to create a school council with parental representatives. There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended. The key components of the local prevention approach are:

Lokale informatie voedt de dialoog.. … tussen: Politici, gemeenten en lokale autoriteiten; Oudergroepen en jeugdwerk; Schoolbestuurders en docenten; Gezondheidszorg – preventie en sociaal werk; Professionals in de vrije tijdssetting en preventiewerk; Sport en jongeren instituties. And when you have your own local community information This is like pouring fuel on fire and people can actually start talking about the situation in the relevant community and the children there If everything is fine than just continue what you are doing If something looks wrong – then decide how to change that Measure again in two years and see how you have done.

Manier van werken Begonnen met: wat staat er in de literatuur, wat verklaart het gedrag. Lijst met onderliggende factoren, zowel beschermend als risico verhogend. Deze zijn ze gaan meten en over tijd monitoren Gegevens zo snel mogelijk terug naar lokale partijen om te interveniëren Intervenieren met evidence based maatregelen (is ook research) En effecten weer monitoren + aanvullende analyses Monitoring Aanvullend onderzoek/analyses Evidence based interventies/beleid So what can Iceland help us with, when we’re confronted with these challenges? First of all: Iceland confirms the importance of evidence and science based work Intervention strategy (National) The national plan was more of a national makeover. Laws were changed, and new laws were made. Parents were basically forced to be more involved with their children. Government money was poured into the program, and was given to the less fortunate. The surveys of teenagers continue to happen every year, producing up-to-date information. Here’s a breakdown of what happened once Youth in Iceland officially began: Laws - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today. Parents One more law was made when Youth in Iceland went into effect: EVERY school in Iceland had to establish parent organizations, and had to create a school council with parental representatives. There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended. The key components of the local prevention approach are:

Focus op primaire preventie Focus op beschermende factoren Ondersteund met landelijke evidence based beleidsmaatregelen (Α)Mobilising society in order to raise awareness and enhance preventive work on both community level within a country and on an international level by the collaboration of the participating countries. The focus will be on: (a)  Sending a clear message to societies in order to combat drugs, raise awareness and enhance preventive work among the participating countries and by taking a strong stand with regard to goal setting, policy making and implementation as well as empowering parents and the co-operation of parents, schools, organized youth work and local society. (b)  Utilizing existing networks in each community in order to reduce tobacco, alcohol and illegal substance use among adolescents by involving the stakeholders within governments and municipal authorities and national NGO’s and emphasizing the important role of voluntary associations, open youth work such as sport clubs, parental associations, school authorities and the police. (c)  Regular evaluation of the field work and regular network meetings including researchers, policy makers, field workers and others in order to compare strategies. (d)  Increasing the participation and involvement of young people in organized youth activities and sport clubs by encouraging local societies to offer a variety of such youth activities and by activating schools and other public institutions that work with and for young people. (e)  Promoting a holistic approach by enhancing co-operation between local governments and other stakeholders in adolescents’ lives and raising public awareness and sense of responsibility among official bodies e.g. through the media.

Kennis in praktijk: landelijk Leeftijdsgrens tabak verhoogd naar 18 jaar Leeftijdsgrens alcohol verhoogd naar 20 jaar Verbod op reclame voor alcohol en tabak Alcoholverkoop in staatswinkels Avondklok voor jeugd Voordat over lokale aanpak hebben, eerst even kort stilstaan bij de landelijke maatregelen die ingezet zijn. Belangrijk voor de context. - The legal age for tobacco purchases became 18, and for alcohol purchases became 20. - Also all advertising for both tobacco and alcohol products was banned nationwide. - Furthermore, it became illegal for children between ages 13 and 16 to be outside after 10 PM in winter, and midnight in summer. All but the advertising (and only to a certain degree) are still in effect today.

Kennis in praktijk: lokaal Vrije tijd: jeugd aanmoedigen om deel te nemen aan buitenschoolse activiteiten en sport Vergroten toegankelijkheid tot sport en cultuur Meer structuur en toezicht bij vrijetijdsbesteding Aanbod vakantiebaantjes tijdens schoolvakanties Ook enorme investering in faciliteiten, zoals overdekte sportvelden (alle seizoenen kunnen sporten). adolescents with pre- paid membership cards that allow them to participate in adult-supervised youth work and sports activities. 


Kennis in praktijk: lokaal Ouders informeren over: Belang van tijd doorbrengen met hun kinderen Belang van redelijke monitoring Belang van emotionele steun Belang van kinderen ‘s avonds laat binnen houden Versterk connectie ouders – school Afspraken over alcoholbeleid op feestjes/ activiteiten zonder ouderlijk toezicht Stimuleer interactie ouders-peers School als een community voor ouders Communicating to parents the importance of emotional support, reasonable monitoring, and increasing the time they spend with their adolescent children. 
 There was also a national organization formed, called Home and School, which focused on four major areas involving parents and their children: – Spending more time with their kids overall, as opposed to occasional ‘quality’ time – Talking to their kids about their lives – Knowing who their kids’ friends are – Keeping their kids inside during nighttime Parents were also made to sign agreements. They varied depending on circumstance and child age, but for the most part parents had to agree to the above four things. Also, pledges to not allow unsupervised parties, to not purchase alcohol for minors, and to keep an eye out for others were highly recommended Encouraging youth to participate in organized recreational and extracurricular activities and sports and to increase opportunities for such participation. 
 • Working with local schools in order to strengthen the supportive network between schools, parents and other relevant agencies in the community to support substance use prevention efforts. Examples of specific interventions are: Neighborhood-level ‘parental walks’, in which groups of parents patrol their neighborhoods during weekend nights to unobtrusively monitor the behavior of youth as well as creating bonds and collaborations between parents in each neighborhood.
 A funded municipal program in the city of Reykjavik that provides adolescents with pre- paid membership cards that allow them to participate in adult-supervised youth work and sports activities. 
 Local-level school meetings and poster campaigns that have communicated to parents the impor- tance of spending time together with their children, that all adolescents should be home by 10 pm in the evenings, and that unsupervised adolescent gatherings (e.g. parties) should be discouraged;

Succesfactoren Wetenschappelijk fundament Community based aanpak: heldere kern-organisatie en gedragen door lokale partners Constante dialoog tussen onderzoek, beleid en praktijk Duurzaamheid: lange termijn commitment, inclusief budget Organisatie: broer en zus zijn PL, burgemeester is buurman, etc

Meer sporten (in sport club) Increased participation in organized sports Van beleid weten we dat het Strengthend the preventive factors Weakened or eliminated the risk factors Percentage of students in 9th grade that participate in sports in a sports club four times per week or more

Meer tijd die ouders en kinderen samen doorbrengen Percentage of students in 9th and 10th grade who spend time (often/almost always) with their parents during weekdays

Minder laat op straat Percentage of students in 9th and 10th grade who have been out after 10 pm (3 times or more) in the past week

Wat gaan we in NL doen? Niet het kind met het badwater weggooien. Nauwkeurig verkennen wat Ijsland voor lessen oplevert en hoe we dat in NL kunnen toepassen.

Beleidsvormend leertraject Doel: onderzoeken wat het IJslandse model oplevert voor Nederlandse gemeenten 6 gemeenten 2018-2021

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Dank voor jullie aandacht! Kijktip: Nieuwsuur uitzending