1 Dependency Parsing by Inference over High-recall Dependency Predictions Sander Canisius Toine Bogers

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1 1 Dependency Parsing by Inference over High-recall Dependency Predictions Sander Canisius S.V.M.Canisius@uvt.nl S.V.M.Canisius@uvt.nl Toine Bogers A.M.Bogers@uvt.nl A.M.Bogers@uvt.nl Antal van den Bosch Antal.vdnBosch@uvt.nl Antal.vdnBosch@uvt.nl Jeroen Geertzen J.Geertzen@uvt.nl J.Geertzen@uvt.nl ILK / Language and Information Science Tilburg University Erik Tjong Kim Sang erikt@science.uva.nl erikt@science.uva.nl Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam

2 2 Highlights •No modelling, just classification •Simultaneously predicting and labelling dependency relations •Resolving inconsistencies on the basis of classifier confidence

3 3 ikhoorhaarzingen su obj1 vc Dependent Head Relation ik hoor SU ik haar - ik zingen -

4 4 ikhoorhaarzingen su obj1 vc Dependent Head Relation hoor ik - hoor haar - hoor zingen -

5 5 ikhoorhaarzingen su obj1 vc Dependent Head Relation haar ik - haar hoor OBJ1 haar zingen -

6 6 ikhoorhaarzingen su obj1 vc Dependent Head Relation zingen ik - zingen hoor VC zingen haar -

7 7 ik hoor haar zingen ik hoor haar zingen SU-hoor - OBJ1-hoor / DET-zingen VC-hoor

8 8 ik hoor haar zingen ik hoor haar zingen SU-hoor - OBJ1-hoor 0.8 / DET-zingen 0.5 VC-hoor

9 9 ik hoor haar zingen ik hoor haar zingen SU-hoor - OBJ1-hoor VC-hoor

10 10 Features •Head features –2-1-2 word & part-of-speech windows •Dependent features –2-1-2 word & part-of-speech windows •Relative position (LEFT / RIGHT) •Distance

11 11 •The relation prediction/classification has a highly skewed class distribution –Tends to result in high-precision, low-recall relation predictions •Down-sampling the negative class increases recall –(At the cost of precision)

12 12

13 13 LanguageUASLAS Arabic 74.5957.64 Bulgarian 82.5178.74 Chinese 82.8678.37 Czech 72.88 60.92 Danish 82.9377.90 Dutch 77.7974.59 German 80.0177.56 Japanese 89.6787.41 Portuguese 85.6177.42 Slovene 74.0259.19 Spanish 71.3368.32 Swedish 85.0879.15 Turkish 64.1951.07 Average78.4170.80