EVOLUTION IN PAPILIO BUTTERFLIES
Linkage disequilibrium Haplotypefrequentie A1B1 p1q1 + D A1B2 p1q2 - D A2B1 p2q1 - D A2B2 p2q2 + D
AB/AB0.24 AB/Ab0.07 ab/ab0.18 aB/ab0.07 AB/aB0.07 AB/ab0.37 Wat is linkage disequilibrium? Stap 1 Wat zijn de allelfrequenties? A: p1 = (2 x x ) / 2 = 0.53 B: q1 = (2 x x ) / 2 = Stap 2 Wat is de haplotype frequentie? AB: pAB = (2 x ) / 2 = 0.495
p10.53 q pAB0.495 pAB = p1q1 + D = 0.53 x D D =
Hoe dynamisch is linkage disequilibrium? Afname LD door recombinatie D’ = (1-r)D Handhaving LD door: 1.Transient dynamics 2.Selectie (multiplicatief, additief, epistatisch) 3.Drift 4.Assortatieve paring, inteelt Hitchhiking
A1A1A1A1 A1A1A1A1 B1B1B1B1 B2B2B2B2 C2C2C2C2 C2C2C2C2 D2D2D2D2 D1D1D1D1 Haplotypen: A 1 B 1 C 2 D 2 A 1 B 2 C 2 D 1 Na recombinatie: A 1 B 1 C 2 D 1 A 1 B 2 C 2 D 2 erbij
EVOLUTION OF PIN AND THRUM FLOWERS AT LEAST THREE LOCI AT LEAST THREE LOCI STRONG LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM STRONG LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM