VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20071 Web Based Communities Eleonore ten Thij Faculteit Bètawetenschappen, Departement Informatica Informatiekunde

Presentatie over: "VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20071 Web Based Communities Eleonore ten Thij Faculteit Bètawetenschappen, Departement Informatica Informatiekunde"— Transcript van de presentatie:

1 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20071 Web Based Communities Eleonore ten Thij Faculteit Bètawetenschappen, Departement Informatica Informatiekunde E.tenThij@cs.uu.nl

2 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20072 Inhoud  Ik: Kunnen we participatie bevorderen door ontwerp? –sociale wetenschappen: theorie  succesfactoren  ontwerp –implementatievariabelen: profielen online communities  U: Is ‘schools’ leren mogelijk en wenselijk in ‘virtual learning communities’???? –curriculum, taakeigenschappen –competenties in een veranderende wereld

3 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20073 Ontwerp voor participatie: relevantie?  Butler, 1999: –hobby-, mailinglijsten: 50% inactief  Adar, Huberman, 2000: –Gnutella: 10% leden genereert 87% van alle muziekfiles  Lakhani, Hippel, 2003: –open source communities: 4% ontwerpers ontwikkelt 88% van de nieuwe code, 66% van de aanpassingen

4 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20074 Sociale Wetenschappen en Design  Inspiratie –bedenken van website features die participatie verhogen (Ling et al., 2005)  Voorspellen en verklaren –helpen bij strategische implementatie- keuzes

5 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20075 Achtergrond en opzet onderzoek  Doel: model voor het voorspellen van waardering van community sites t.b.v. onderzoek en ontwerp  Strategie: –ontdekken waarderingsfactoren van community sites –construeren van community profielen (typen) –vinden relaties specifieke waarderingsfactoren en specifieke communities InScit 25/10/2006

6 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20076 Waarderingsfactoren:websitefeatures op basis organisatieprincipes ‘common pool resources’ (Ostrom, 1990) PrincipleWebsite feature IdentificationProfile Individuals will meet againCommunication tools Information about past behaviorList contributions Clearly defined group boundariesSupport for meetings, ranking Rules match local needs and conditions Those who are affected by these rules can participate in modifying them Submit, react to content Monitoring system (by community members) Graduated system of sanctions Low-cost conflict resolution mechanisms Netiquette, report-to-moderator function

7 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20077 Data-analyse  factor analysis: 8 factors, 63.1% variance explained 1. Identity 2. Grounding 3. Governance 4. Resources supplied 5. Group Formation6. Resources by reacting 7. Resources by adding 8. Tele-presence InScit 25/10/2006

8 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-20078 Correlatie - analyse  Meer gewaardeerde websites hebben meer significante relaties met categorieën website features  Sommige categorieën relevanter (‘Identity, ‘Resources, supplied’, Conversation&Grounding, social presence’ and ‘Resources, created by adding) dan andere ( ‘Governance’, ‘Group formation’, ‘Resources, created by reacting’)  Geen significante relaties met ‘Conversation & Grounding, tele-presence’

9 9 Profielen online communities Author(s)Categorization principle: purposeCategorization principle:orientation of interaction 1. Hagel, Armstrong (1997)consumer-focused {geographic, demographic, topical}, business-to- business {vertical industry, functional, geographic, business category} 2. Stanoevska-Slabeka & Schmid (2001) purpose: discussion (information exchange), task- and goal-oriented, virtual worlds (creating complex online societies), hybrid (variety of purposes) 3. Burnett (2000)non-interactive, collaborative interactive, hostile interactive 4. Carlén (2002)educational, professional, interest 5. Bakardjieva (2003)infosumer, rational interactionist, chatter, communitarian 6. Preece & Maloney-Krichmar (2003)patient support, education e-business 7. Preece, Maloney-Krichmar & Abras (2003) trade-professional, hobby, fans-sports, fans- entertainment, local, health, beliefs, political, religious, sports team, ethnic-cultural. 8. Ridings, Gefen (2004)health, interests, pets, professional, recreation 9. Hummel & Lechner (2002)gaming, interest, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer, business-to-business 10. Porter (2004)member-intiated {social, professional}, organization-sponsored {commercial, non- profit, government}

10 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200710 Profielen Online Communities 2 Porter 2004

11 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200711 Profielen Online Communities 3 Hummel, Lechner(2002): games, interest, B2B, B2C, C2C Groepsgrenzen focus content bestaande comm. registratie authorisatie regels sancties +games, +interest Interactie chat/forums bijdrage content screening bijdragen actieve organisatie events interactie rondom events -B2B, -B2C, +/-C2C Bonding privacy personalisering sub communities usability identificatie organisator identificatie leden + interest (??) Common Place archief analyse participanten vrijwilligers rituelen rollen +games

12 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200712 Onderzoeksontwerp  Categorisatieprincipes: –‘Motieven’ (informatie geven en krijgen, contacten, discussie, financieel voordeel, steun geven en krijgen) –‘Interactiekenmerken’ (dimensies ‘clearly defined group’, interaction’, ‘bonding’, ‘common place’)  Online survey 53 communities: perspectieven leden

13 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200713 Resultaten 1: respondenten Age groups Percent Valid0-15 7,9 16-18 26,1 19-21 25,2 22-25 19,4 26-30 10,0 31-40 7,1 41+ 4,4 Total 100,0 Aantal respondenten: 2758 Gaming: 112; Interest: 2211; C2C 435 Mannen: 2426; Vrouwen: 332 Gemiddelde Leeftijd: 22.7 Community gevonden via: Vrienden/familie: 34.1% Zoekmachine/portal: 30.8% Andere communities: 18.7% Media: 5.8% Overig: 10.7%

14 Resultaten 2: motieven MotivationDirection of sign. differences (post hoc tests) F(df b, df w ), p=αExplained variance (eta- square) Information retrievalInterest >Gaming>C2CF(2,2755)=143.07, p=.000.089 Information sharingGaming>Interest>C2CF(2,2755)=77.84, p=.000.053 Social contactsGaming>Interest>C2CF(2,2755)=68.53, p=.000.047 DiscussionGaming, Interest>C2CF(2,2755)=167.13, p=.000.108 Financial benefitsC2C>Interest>GamingF(2,2755)=804.17, p=.000.403 Giving supportGaming, Interest>C2CF(2,2755)=28.43, p=.000.20 Recieving supportGaming>Interest>C2CF(2, 2755)=8.13, p=.000.06

15 Resultaten 3a: interactiekenmerken Categorization principle Dependent variableDirection of sign. differences F(df b, df w ), p=αEta- squa re Clearly defined group (maintaining focus, applying rules) Appreciation topic moderation Gaming, Interest>C2C F(2,2680)=131.03, p=.000.089 Appreciation starting new topics Gaming, Interest>C2C F(2,2673)=49.18, p=.000.045 Appreciation applying rules Interest>Gaming, C2C F(2,2755)=40.91, p=.000.29 Interaction (active organiza- tion, frequency online communica tion) Appreciation moderation FAQ page Gaming>Interest> C2C F(2,2379)=43.22, p=.000.045 Appreciation welcoming new members Gaming, Interest>C2C F(2,2755)=11.74, p=.000.008 Appreciation trustworthiness transactions Not sign. Number of visitsGaming>Interest> C2C F(2,2755)=33.39, p=.000.024

16 Resultaten 3b: interactiekenmerken BondingNumber of close contactsGaming, Interest>C2C F(2,2751)=16.08.012 Number of good contactsGaming, Interest> C2C F(2,2746)=22.17, p=.000.016 Number of loose contactsInterest>C2CF(2,2737)=9.02, p=.000.007 Common place (perceived influen ce) Perc. infl. on topic moderation Gaming>Interest> C2C F(2,2226)=13.38, p=.000.012 Perc. infl. on starting new topics Gaming>Interest> C2C F(2,2562)=28.15, p=.000.021 Perc. infl. welcoming new members Gaming, Interest> C2C F(2,2755)=32.08, p=.000.023 Perc. infl. on moderation FAQ page Not sign.F(2,2019)=1.83, p=.016 Perc. infl. on applying rulesGaming>Interest, C2C F(2,2755)=18.86, p=.000.014

17 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200717 Resultaten 4: correlatie-analyse  Veel motieven onderling gecorreleerd  Als reciprociteit = info krijgen – geven steun krijgen - geven scoren C2C communities het hoogst, terwijl financieel voordeel niet gecorreleerd is aan andere motieven

18 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200718 Voorlopige conclusie  Motieven en interactiekenmerken discrimeren typen communities  Bijdrage verklaarde variantie echter niet zo groot, behalve verschil wel/niet gericht op financieel voordeel  Gaming communities meest ‘sociaal ontwikkeld’  C2C communities ‘geval apart’?

19 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200719 Rheingold 1993: Social aggregations that emerge form the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships Preece 2000: People socially interacting (over a longer period of time) to satisfy their needs, with a shared purpose, policies to guide their interaction, and computer systems to support and mediate social interaction Definities: zijn VLC ook online communities?

20 VOR-ICT Studiedag 26-01-200720 Mogelijkheid/wenselijkheid VLC? 1.Zo ja: hoe vergelijken ze zich met gaming, interest en C2C communities?  Zo nee: 2.Mogelijk: curriculum, taken, ‘passie’? 3.Wenselijk: competenties in technologische ‘kenniseconomie’?