ENVIRONMENT Definition of environment Emission Transmission Immission and exposition Creating standards Environmental policy Environmental data Critical.

Presentatie over: "ENVIRONMENT Definition of environment Emission Transmission Immission and exposition Creating standards Environmental policy Environmental data Critical."— Transcript van de presentatie:

1 ENVIRONMENT Definition of environment Emission Transmission Immission and exposition Creating standards Environmental policy Environmental data Critical remarks

2 Environmental problems Lacking conditions for life

3 MONDIAAL Ozonlaag Klimaatverandering CONTINENTAAL Grensoverschrijdende LuVo Ozon op leefniveau Verzuring Wintersmog Zware metalen FLUVIAAL Rivieren Regionale wateren Zoute wateren Waterbodems REGIONAAL Accumulatie Vermesting Bestrijdingsmiddelen Zware metalen Verwijdering Bodemverontreiniging Verdroging LOCAAL Geluidhinder Geurhinder Luvo in de stad Binnenmilieu Environmental problems

4 Chains of impacts

5 Environmental standards

6 Sources

7 Emissions

8 Immissions

9 Dose-impact relation

10 Toxicology

11 Targets 1% of maximally permissible

12 Costs of damage and quality

13 Targets and intermediate boundary values

14 Zoning standards in m.

15 Sharpening or moderating zoning standards due to context

16 Separate installations in quiet residential areas

17 Sources of standards The 5 th National Plan of Spatial Policy Min.v.VROM (2001), The National Plan of Nature Policy (Min.v.LNV, 2000) The 4 th National Plan of Environmental Policy (Min.v.VROM) The 4 th National Plan of Watermanagement Policy Min.v.V&W (1998)(stressing environment), and its last successor ‘Anders omgaan met water’Min.v.V&W (2000)(stressing security).

18 National environmental policy DOELSTELLING: Het in stand houden van het draagvermogen van het milieu ten behoeve van een duurzame ontwikkeling. (Een ontwikkeling die voorziet in de behoefte van de huidige generatie zonder daarmee voor toekomstige generaties de mogelijkheden in gevaar te brengen om ook in hun behoefte te voorzien.)

19 MONDIAAL Ozonlaag Klimaatverandering CONTINENTAAL Grensoverschrijdende LuVo Ozon op leefniveau Verzuring Wintersmog Zware metalen FLUVIAAL Rivieren Regionale wateren Zoute wateren Waterbodems REGIONAAL Accumulatie Vermesting Bestrijdingsmiddelen Zware metalen Verwijdering Bodemverontreiniging Verdroging LOCAAL Geluidhinder Geurhinder Luvo in de stad Binnenmilieu Environmental problems

20 Elaboration targets Mondiaal Continentaal Voorwaarden Fluviaal Waarden Regionaal Doelstellingen Locaal Normen

21 Strategic agenda Reduceren onzekerheden Het maken van keuzen uit scenario’s Het formuleren van: thema’s signaleren en erkennen beleidsformulering oplossing beheer instrumenten samenwerking doelgroepen

22 Strategic agenda Thema’s klimaatverandering verzuring vermesting verspreiding verwijdering verstoring verdroging verspilling Instrumenten regelgeving aansprakelijkheid financiële regulering milieuzorg in bedrijven productnormering voorlichting technologie Energiebesparing Samenwerking Internationaal Rijk Provincie Gemeente Doelgroepen Landbouw Verkeer envervoer Industrie en raff. Energie Bouw Consum. & detailhandel Milieubedrijven Research Onderwijs Maatsch. organisaties

23 Main principles of policy

24 Remaining impact-orientated policy Erfenissen uit het verleden Brongerichte maatregelen die niet op tijd komen Het voorbereid zijn op calamiteiten Het mogelijk tekortschieten van brongerichte maatregelen

25 From emission- into source-oriented policy emissiegericht volumegericht structureel integraal ketenbeheer energie-extensivering kwaliteitsbevordering

26 Impact target groups on themes Target groups agriculture industry refinaries energy supply trade, services and administration traffic consumers disposal services actors in the water chain Strategic themes climate change acidification overfertilization spread disposal disruption dry out wasting

27 Environmental themes

28 Contributions of building

29 Environmental themes as agenda

30

31 Target group agriculture

32

33 Target group industry

34

35 Target group refinaries

36 Target group energy supply

37 Target group trade, services and administration

38 Target group traffic

39 Target group consumers

40 Target group disposal services

41 Target group actors in the water chain

42 Water chain

43 Environmental data

44

45 Social developments

46 A1. General developments A2. Agriculture and horticulture A3. Industry A4. Energy supply A5. Traffic and transport A6. Consumers A7. Construction A8. Actors in the water chain A9. Waste disposal facilities A10. Trade, services and government (TSG)

47 Space

48 Population and households Bevolking Huishoudens Eenpersoons huishoudens

49 Cattle

50 Ecological footprint

51 Ecology

52 Use of energy

53

54 Economy Voertuigkm. Industrie BBP Part. bestedingen Afval Energie Bevolking Veestapel

55 Culture Criminaliteit Openbare orde Sociale zekerheid Economische groei Vrijheid meningsuiting Werkeloosheid Milieu

56 Finance

57 Resources B1. Energy carriers B2. Water B3. Space B4. Surface minerals B5. Timber B6. Fish B7. Ecological footprint

58 Environmental pressure C1. Total emissions and waste in the Netherlands C2. Agriculture and horticulture C3. Industry C4. Energy supply C5. Traffic and transport C6. Consumers C7. Construction C8. Actors in the water chain C9. Waste disposal C10. Trade, Services and Government (TSG)

59 Evironmental themes D1. Climate change - Enhanced greenhouse effect D2. Climate change - Depletion of the ozone layer D3. Acidification and transboundary air pollution D4. Eutrophication D5. Toxic and hazardous substances D6. Disposal D7. Desiccation

60 Theme-indicators

61 D1 Climate

62 Climate target groups and impacts

63 D2 Depletion of the ozone layer

64 Ozone layer target groups and impacts

65 D3 Acidification

66 Acidification target groups and impacts

67 D5. Toxic and hazardous substances

68 D5. Toxic substances target groups and impacts

69 D7. Desiccation

70 D7. Desiccation target groups and impacts

71 Evironmental quality E1. Air quality E2. Surface water quality E3. Soil quality E4. Groundwater quality E5. The human living environment

72 Disturbance

73 Noise and risk targetgroups and impacts

74 Impacts F1. Nature F2. Impacts on public health

75 Biodiversity and health Biodiversiteit en gezondheid

76 Environmental data

77 Gezondheid Sterfte en medicijngebruik Risicoperceptie Stress Risicomijden is riskant Bijwerkingen niet aantoonbaar Verscheidenheid als verzwegen veronderstelling

78 Sterfte en medicijngebruik

79 A distorted public risk perception. Risk is popularly defined by chance x impact. Exceptional occurrences are magnified by television and newspapers. They bomb us by statistical exceptions, –distorting our perception of chance and magnifying impact, –increasing fear and stress.

80 Insurance companies sell fear. We pay more for safety than for living: –Insurance, police, army, water management, traffic and building safety, preventing fire, terrorism, burglary and catching a cold. We fear we can not pay all and we double our work until we die from the impacts of stress. –The life time we spend on worry is lost well-being, lost health and life time. –Our fear for exceptional possibilities raises new diseases of the mind and we fear them as well.

81 Exaggerated hygiene drove life out and nature in exile. Our biological resistance fades by inescapable stress, –the number of immunity deficiency diseases increases. We do not get injuries enough to become vaccinated by nature itself. –Always avoiding to catch a cold results in high susceptibility for flu any time we leave a building or a car. –We like dangerous holydays to flee from our unnatural and boring safety, but we do not know real danger anymore and fall ill by foreign food.

82 Avoiding risks could be risky The public shame of few physicians involved intimidates the profession as a whole. –Avoiding risks physicians prescribe too many medicines, order too many specialists’ examinations and diagnostic devices, –increasing the costs of medical care, –increasing slowly appearing side effects. Statistical analysis cannot clarify many rare side effects by lack of equal cases. –It only registers 95% short term benefits of potentially harmful medicines and treatments. –How many diseases are iatrogeneous? 50%?

83 There is something rotten in the state of Medicine King Average rules a kingdom of exceptions human species comprises

84 Living with life Our life is safer then ever, but we do not dare to live with life: the risk to die. Life became strange to us and death as well, we fear the unfamiliar because it could be unhygienic.

85 Curing fear by hope The intellectual challenge of this century is to handle diversity instead of generalising it by statistical reduction. Generalising research has diminishing returns, context sensitive problems remain. Context sensitive design is a more promising, diversity generating study. Natural evolution and ecological succession is its model.

86 Ehrlich and Speth

87 Critical remarks

88 Flexibility

89 Balance

90 Rareness and replacebility

91 Propositions A.Er zijn geen andere ecologische problemen dan de aantasting van mondiale biodiversiteit of menselijke gezondheid. B.Uitputting van grondstoffen (waaronder fossiele brandstoffen) is geen ecologisch, maar een industriëel probleem. Wat uitgeput raakt is kwaliteit. C.Er is ook op de zeer lange termijn genoeg energie. D.Bouwen heeft ecologisch meer positieve dan negatieve effecten. E.De milieudruk per eenheid van welvaart moet tot 5% van het huidige niveau dalen. F.Er wordt in de bouw nooit meer dan 80% gehaald zolang de positieve effecten niet geoptimaliseerd worden. G.Eenzijdige nadruk op besparing blokkeert het ontwerpend denken over oplossingen.

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