Orientation XML 1® GvdS Palstar 2001 Orientatie XML Gert van der Steen Palstar bv University of Utrecht

Orientation XML 2® GvdS Palstar 2001 Het SGML/XML concept

Orientation XML 3® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom SGML/XML (1/3) Benadrukt de logische structuur van een document, meer dan de fysieke structuur Vanuit een logische structuur meerdere fysieke structuren genereren Media onafhankelijk publiceren Kwaliteit: alle informatie op de juiste plaats, met een consistente referentie van figuren, tabellen etc. Voorbereid op de workflow van deel-documenten

Orientation XML 4® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom SGML/XML (2/3) Voorbereid op de opslag in databases op component niveau Voorbereid op “on demand publishing” Toegenomen productiviteit: data eenmalig ingevoerd; auteurs concentreren zich op inhoud, niet op vormgeving Stimuleert hergebruik van informatie Standaardisatie bevordert uitwisseling

Orientation XML 5® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom SGML/XML (3/3) Toegang tot publieke DTD’s en publieke character sets Sommige organisaties vereisen SGML/XML documenten Product en platform onafhankelijkheid

Orientation XML 6® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom XML (extra voordelen) (1/3) Distribution of processing to clients Client-side manipulation of views into the data Customization of information by intelligent agents Combination of XML and XSL can replace most existing word-processing and publishing formats Intelligent downstream document processing

Orientation XML 7® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom XML (extra voordelen) (2/3) Important applications for XML alone: interprocess communication, object serialization, metadata, database exchange Downloadable programs, applets, or scripts designed for a specific tag set (grammar) Tag-sensitive components (e.g., Java beans)

Orientation XML 8® GvdS Palstar 2001 Waarom XML (extra voordelen) (3/3) Industry agreements on the processing of specific grammars (example of the concept: HTML) Language Neutral (Unicode) Software cheaper than for SGML, lots of freeware Interoperability of both content and style

Orientation XML 9® GvdS Palstar 2001 Belangrijke W3C XML aktiviteiten Recommendations –XML 1.0 –Hergebruik van (deel) documenten en dtd’s: Namespaces –Externe boomstructuur: DOM –Transformaties: XSLT –Adressering: Xpath –Extensible HTML: XHTML –Mathematics Markup Language: MathML In wording –Linking: Xlink, XPointer –Vormgeving: XSL –Multimedia integratie: SMIL –Metadata: RDF –Datatypen voor DTD’s: Schemata –Querytaal –Organisatie van semantiek: Topic Maps voor het Web

Orientation XML 10® GvdS Palstar 2001 Industrie initiatieven voor SGML (1/2) Automobiles: SAE J2008, Truck Maintenance TMC T2008 Computer Software - OSF - Davenport Group, DocBook DTD - IBM Defense: CALS Financial: EDGAR (Electronic Gathering and Retrieval) Pharmaceutical: CANDA (Computer-Aided New Drug Application) Aerospace: ATA 2100, 12 DTD’s

Orientation XML 11® GvdS Palstar 2001 Industrie initiatieven voor SGML (2/2) Publishers: ISO (former AAP) Semiconductors: Pinnacles Telecommunications: TIM Text Encoding Initiative: TEI Internet WWW: HTML …...

Orientation XML 12® GvdS Palstar 2001 Industrie initiatieven voor XML Enkele voorbeelden: –Chemical Markup Language (CML) –Channel Definition Format (CDF) –Open Financial Exchange (OFX) –Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) –Resource Description Framework (RDF) –Mathematics Markup Language (MathML) –Precision Graphics Markup Language (PGML) –XMI for UML (managed by OMG) –XML DTD's for data interchange EDI (Electronic Data Interchange E-commerce Exchange with ERP systems –… –Extended links: maken mogelijk een industrietak die nieuwe kennis levert over bestaand materiaal

Orientation XML 13® GvdS Palstar 2001 Orientatie XML Wat is XML Gert van der Steen Palstar bv University of Utrecht

Orientation XML 14® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo op papier

Orientation XML 15® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo als mail

Orientation XML 16® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo als XML document Peter Baars Connie Gaiser Gert van der Steen November Personal holiday All personnel are entitled to one personal day per calendar year. If you have any questions, please forward them to my office. idinfo memo body para

Orientation XML 17® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo als HTML document 1/2... Memorandum To : Peter Baars From : Gert van der Steen...

Orientation XML 18® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo als HTML document 2/2... To : Connie Gaiser Reference : GvdS/ /3... All personnel are entitled to one personal day per calendar year. If you have any questions, please forward them to my office.

Orientation XML 19® GvdS Palstar 2001 Memo als Document Boom / Componenten memo idinfobody tofromdate “ Connie Gaiser” “ Gert van der Steen” “ November ” para “ All personnel are entitled to one personal day per calendar year.” subject “ Personal holiday” to “Peter Baars” status="draft” reference =“GvdS/ /3” para “ If you have any questio ns, please forward them to my office.”

Orientation XML 20® GvdS Palstar 2001 Diagram van DTD voor Memo status reference

Orientation XML 21® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML DTD voor Memo <!DOCTYPE memo [ <!ATTLIST memostatus (final | draft) "final” reference CDATA> ] >

Orientation XML 22® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML Schemata Will replace DTD’s Adds typing information to elements Syntax of XML document A number of ad-hoc schema languages in use (e.g. Microsoft) Will be replaced by W3C recommendation, now in “Candidate” status

Orientation XML 23® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML W3C Schema voor Memo 1/2 <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd=" elementFormDefault="qualified"> Vervolg..>

Orientation XML 24® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML W3C Schema voor Memo 2/2

Orientation XML 25® GvdS Palstar 2001 general description title Document structuur van Workshop Manual +,,, ? + + +,,,, +?, + ? + + ? + + * ?, one or more times zero or more times optional followed by alternative element element which is described elsewhere empty element Workshop Manual %A; is not an element but is an abbreviation (entity) described elsewhere section index technical data general description special service tools required operation section title section subtitle table of contents %stext; table general descriptio n part service adjustment and checks paragraph%nwc; %stext;paragraphfigure%nwc; Legenda: (to be continued on more pages)

Orientation XML 26® GvdS Palstar 2001 Format, Structure, Content FORMAT This is a heading that is quad left and bold This is an indented paragraph STRUCTURE This is a first level head This is a high-level paragraph CONTENT Technical data Hammer, screwdriver

Orientation XML 27® GvdS Palstar 2001 Voorbeeld van een XML editor

Orientation XML 28® GvdS Palstar 2001 Met stijlen in een wordprocessor: “poor mans solution”

Orientation XML 29® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML Namespaces 1/2 solves the problem of name clashes when identical tags are used for different purposes e.g. between documents, when applications have to process documents from different sources. tags (and attributes) can be made unique by prefixing them with a unique name space identifier each name space is identified by a domain based URL, which, like any URL, is unique

Orientation XML 30® GvdS Palstar 2001 XML Namespaces 2/2 Example: DTD: <?xml:namespacename=“ href=“ as=“j” ?> DOC: 7 green 18 cubic foot

Orientation XML 31® GvdS Palstar 2001 Output of an XML Parser XML Error Messages - Location of Error - Nature of Error Other Possibilities - generating stream of events (SAX) - building tree-structure (DOM)

Orientation XML 32® GvdS Palstar 2001 API’s XML+ Tools / Systems Infrastructure: - OS’s - Databases- Doc Management - Networks Layers of Integration XML+ Engines XML+ Standards: - Information Structures - Structure Syntax - Information Processing - Process Syntax

Orientation XML 33® GvdS Palstar 2001 Data selection and publishing Data storageData preparation and updating Blueprint for XML document processes Document Editor(s) Author(s) Text Graphics, Multimedia XML Structure Links (visualized) Documents, links, multimedia stored in (distributed) flat files or databases (relational, OO, free text) IndexIndex Transform into HTML or XML Query server Transform into HTML or XML Browse client CD ROM Electronic Documents XML / HTML /... Document Manager - Workflow - Content manag. - Collab. authoring - Authorisation - Version control - Statistics valIdatevalIdate up-convertup-convert Graphics Scan/OCR Hard copy Electronic Documents Text